What is a fully hydraulic core drilling rig

Source：www.sggroup-cn.com.cn Release date： 2025-05-28

The fully hydraulic core drilling rig is a drilling equipment powered by a hydraulic system, specifically used in geological exploration, mineral resource development, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, tunnel construction and other fields. It is mainly used to collect underground core samples (cylindrical rock blocks) for analyzing geological structure, rock properties and mineral distribution. Its core feature is to achieve the rotation, feeding, lifting, braking and other actions of the drilling rig through hydraulic transmission, which has the advantages of strong power, flexible operation, and high degree of automation.
1、 Main structure and working principle
1. Core components
Hydraulic power system
Composed of hydraulic pumps, hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic motors, valve groups, oil tanks, and pipelines, it transmits power through hydraulic oil to drive the movements of various components of the drilling rig.
Hydraulic pumps (such as plunger pumps and gear pumps) convert the mechanical energy of motors or diesel engines into hydraulic energy, which is distributed to rotary motors (driving the rotation of drilling tools) and feed cylinders (controlling the up and down feed of drilling tools) through control valve groups.
Host part
Rotating mechanism: The hydraulic motor drives the drill rod and drill bit to rotate, achieving rock breaking drilling.
Feeding/lifting mechanism: The hydraulic cylinder pushes or pulls the drilling tool, controls the drilling pressure and speed, and can quickly extract the core tube and drilling tool during lifting.
Rack and base: supporting the overall structure of the machine, usually equipped with adjustable support legs or tracked chassis, to meet the stability requirements of different terrains.
Core collection system
Equipped with core tubes, drill bits (such as diamond drill bits, hard alloy drill bits), and retaining springs, the core enters the core tube during drilling, is fixed by the retaining spring, and is lifted out as a whole to obtain a complete core sample.
control system
Operation panel or remote control device, used to adjust parameters such as hydraulic pressure, flow rate, drilling speed, etc. Some models are equipped with intelligent monitoring systems, which display real-time data such as drilling depth, torque, pressure, etc.
2. Working principle
By driving the drill bit to rotate and cut rocks through a hydraulic system, and applying axial pressure to the feed mechanism, the drill bit continuously cuts into the formation. During the drilling process, the rock core enters the core tube from the center hole of the drill bit. After reaching a certain length (such as 1-3 meters), the drilling is stopped, the drilling tool is lifted, the core tube is removed and replaced with a new tube, and the operation is repeated until the predetermined depth is reached.
2、 Main features and advantages
1. Strong power, adaptable to complex geological formations
Hydraulic transmission has the characteristic of high torque output, which can drive high-strength drilling tools to break hard rocks (such as granite, basalt, etc.). The drilling depth is usually tens to hundreds of meters, and some large models can reach up to thousands of meters.
Equipped with multi-level pressure regulation function, drilling parameters can be automatically or manually adjusted according to the hardness of the formation, improving operational efficiency.
2. Flexible operation and high degree of automation
The hydraulic system can achieve stepless speed regulation, correctly control the rotational speed (such as 50-500 revolutions per minute) and feed speed (such as 0.1-2 meters per minute), and adapt to different working conditions.
Some models support functions such as automatic rod addition and automatic drilling, reducing manual labor intensity and improving job safety.
3. Convenient mobility and strong adaptability to terrain
Small and medium-sized drilling rigs often use wheeled or tracked chassis, which can quickly transfer in complex terrains such as mountains and hills; Large drilling rigs are often equipped with vehicle mounted or fixed bases, suitable for long-term operations at fixed points.
The compact body structure can maintain stability on slopes or uneven ground by adjusting the leg or chassis tilt angle.
4. High core recovery rate and complete sample
The stable output of the hydraulic system can reduce vibration and impact during drilling, coupled with high-precision core tube and clamp spring design, the core recovery rate can usually reach 85% -95%, meeting the strict requirements for sample integrity in geological exploration.
5. Multi functional expansion
In addition to core drilling, by replacing drill bits and drilling tools, it can be used for water well drilling, anchor hole construction, grouting hole drilling, etc., to meet various engineering needs.
3、 Main application areas
Geological Exploration and Mineral Development
Used for exploring metallic and non-metallic minerals, as well as oil and gas resources, collecting rock core samples to analyze mineral composition and reserves.
Water conservancy, hydropower and infrastructure engineering
Ground investigation of dams, tunnels, bridges and other engineering projects, testing of geological bearing capacity and stability.
engineering geological investigation
Preliminary geological exploration of urban rail transit, high-rise buildings, etc., to assess geological hazard risks (such as landslides and faults).
Environmental and Disaster Monitoring
Drilling installation monitoring instruments (such as inclinometers, osmometers) are used for slope monitoring, groundwater dynamic observation, etc.

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